Day of the Mediterranean, established in 1995 during the Euro-Mediterranean Conference in Barcelona, is commemorated every year on 28 November. Its aim is to highlight the region’s unique natural and cultural heritage, strengthen cooperation among Mediterranean countries, and raise public awareness about the increasing pressures facing the marine and coastal environment.
The Mediterranean Sea is one of the richest bodies of water globally in terms of biodiversity. Although it covers only 0.82% of the world’s ocean surface, it hosts between 4% and 18% of marine species—depending on the classification group. Its geological history and position at the crossroads of subtropical and temperate biogeographical zones, make it an exceptionally valuable yet fragile ecosystem.
Today, however, the Mediterranean is facing an unprecedented environmental crisis. Extensive coastal urbanisation, rapid population growth along the shoreline, pollution, overfishing, habitat destruction, and the spread of invasive species exert immense pressure on its natural balance. At the same time, the Mediterranean is among the regions most affected by the impacts of climate change, experiencing significant temperature increases and frequent extreme weather events.